A Terapêutica Cirúrgica e o Protocolo DH-II-90 no Tratamento da Doença de Hodgkin em Jovens e Adultos: um Estudo Ecológico / Surgical Therapy and DH-II-90 Protocol in the Treatment of Hodgkin Disease in Young Adults: an Ecological Study / La Terapia Quirúrgica y el Protocolo DH-II-90 en el Tratamiento del Linfoma de Hodgkin en Jóvenes y Adultos: un Estudio Ecológico

Introdução: A doença de Hodgkin (DH) é uma patologia que se inicia nos linfonodos, desenvolve-se nos tecidos neoplásicos e manifesta- -se, majoritariamente, em jovens adultos. Objetivo: Correlacionar os resultados da terapêutica cirúrgica e do protocolo DH-II-90 em jovens adultos acometidos pela DH, e associá-los ao perfil epidemiológico, aos dados de mortalidade pela doença e à distribuição de recursos físicos no Brasil. Método: Estudo ecológico exploratório, com informações coletadas do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS (SIA/SUS), entre 2013 e 2021. O estudo, portanto, compara os resultados da terapêutica cirúrgica e do protocolo DH-II-90 associados a dados epidemiológicos, sendo o protocolo considerado o método mais eficiente, por apresentar melhores resultados quando comparado a métodos mais invasivos. Resultados: A Região Sudeste concentra maior número de leitos e procedimentos com números mais expressivos de pacientes diagnosticados de 0 a 29 anos. Em resumo, as taxas de mortalidade bruta por DH reduziram-se a partir de 1990, período no qual o protocolo DH-II-90 foi aplicado. Conclusão: O presente estudo fornece uma visão relevante sobre o perfil epidemiológico da DH e contribui para a comparação entre a terapêutica cirúrgica e o protocolo DH-II-90, sendo possível concluir que, após a aplicação do protocolo, houve redução da taxa de mortalidade por DH no Brasil e no mundo

Introduction: Hodgkin disease (HD) is a pathology that starts in the lymph nodes, develops in the neoplastic tissues and manifests, mainly, in young adults. Objective: To correlate the results of the surgical therapy and the DH- II-90 protocol in young adults affected by HD, and to associate them with the epidemiological profile, the mortality data by the disease and the distribution of physical resources in Brazil. Method: Exploratory ecological study with information collected from the Informatics Department of the National Health System (DATASUS), the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) and the SUS Outpatient Information System (SIA/ SUS) between 2013 and 2021. The study, therefore, compares the results of surgical therapy and the DH-II-90 protocol associated with epidemiological data, and the protocol is considered the most efficient method, as it produces better results when compared to more invasive methods. Results: The Southeast Region concentrates high number of beds and procedures and stands out due to more expressive numbers of patients diagnosed from 0 to 29 years. In short, crude mortality rates per HD decreased from 1990, the period where the DH-II-90 protocol was applied. Conclusion: This study provides a relevant view on the epidemiological profile of HD and contributes for the comparison between surgical therapy and the DH-II-90 protocol, being possible to conclude that after the application of the protocol, there was a reduction of the mortality rate by HD in Brazil and worldwide

Introducción: El linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) es una patología que inicia en los ganglios linfáticos, se desarrolla en los tejidos neoplásicos y se manifiesta mayoritariamente en adultos jóvenes. Objetivo: Correlacionar los resultados de la terapéutica quirúrgica y del protocolo DH-II-90 en jóvenes adultos acometidos por el LH, y asociarlos al perfil epidemiológico, a los datos de mortalidad por la enfermedad y a la distribución de recursos físicos en Brasil. Método: Estudio ecológico exploratorio, con información recolectada del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS), del Instituto Nacional de Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), del Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud (CNES) y del Sistema de Informaciones Ambulatorias del SUS (SIA/SUS), entre 2013 y 2021. El estudio, por lo tanto, compara los resultados de la terapéutica quirúrgica y del protocolo DH-II-90, asociados a datos epidemiológicos, siendo el Protocolo considerado el método más eficiente, por presentar mejores resultados cuando comparado a métodos más invasivos. Resultados: La Región Sudeste tiene más camas y procedimientos y presenta mayores números de pacientes diagnosticados de 0 a 29 años. En resumen, las tasas de mortalidad bruta por LH disminuyeron a partir de 1990, período en el que se incorporó el protocolo DH-II-90. Conclusión: El presente estudio proporciona una visión relevante sobre el perfil epidemiológico del LH y contribuye a la comparación entre terapéutica quirúrgica y el protocolo DH-II-90, concluyendo que, tras la inserción del protocolo, hubo reducción de la tasa de mortalidad por LH en Brasil y en el mundo

Caracterización del linfoma de Hodgkin en los pacientes adultos / Characterization of Hodgkin's lymphoma in the adults patients

Introducción: El linfoma de Hodgkin ha pasado de ser una enfermedad fatal a una de las neoplasias con mayores posibilidades de curación. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin en los pacientes adultos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo parcial que incluyó 75 pacientes adultos con linfoma de Hodgkin atendidos en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología entre enero de 1987 hasta enero de 2017. Resultados: El 64 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino; predominó el color de piel blanco (85,3 por ciento) y el grupo de 18 a 38 años fue el más frecuente (68 por ciento). Prevalecieron los pacientes sin comorbilidades (65,3 por ciento) y con buen validismo (93,3 por ciento). El 52 por ciento de los pacientes estaba en estadio III al diagnóstico; predominó el grupo pronóstico de avanzado favorable 61.3 por ciento. La variedad histológica más frecuente fue la esclerosis nodular con 48 pacientes y el esquema empleado con mayor frecuencia fue ABVD, con el que se logró 92 por ciento de remisión completa. El 20 por ciento de los pacientes fallecieron y el 18,7 por ciento recayeron. La sobrevida global a los 2, 5 y 10 años fue de 93 por ciento, 83 por ciento y 80 por ciento, respectivamente. La sobrevida libre de enfermedad a los 5 y 10 años fue de 82 por ciento y 73 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La sobrevida global y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad de los pacientes fueron altas. Los pacientes tratados con la combinación de quimioterapia y radioterapia mostraron significativamente una mejor supervivencia global(AU)

Introduction: Hodgkin's lymphoma has evolved to be one of the cancers with highest possibilities of cure. Objective: To characterize the behavior of the Hodgkin's lymphoma disease in adult patients. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out. It included 75 adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma attended in the Institute of Hematology and Immunology since January 1987 to January of 2017. Results: 64 percent of the patients were male; the white color of skin and the group from 18 to 38 years predominated, with 85.3 percent and 68 percent respectively. Patients without comorbidity prevailed, and those who had a good status performance, representing the 65.3 percent and 93.3 percent respectively. The 52 percent of patients were in stage III at diagnosis, the group with advanced favorable disease was predominant, with 61.3 percent of the cases. The most frequent histological type was nodular sclerosis with 48 patients; and ABVD protocol was used more often, achieving 92 percent of complete remission. Twenty percent of the patients died and 18.7 percent relapsed. The overall survival of the patients at 2, 5 and 10 years was 93 percent, 83 percent and 80 percent respectively. The progression-free survival at of 5 and 10 years was 82 percent and 73 percent respectively. Conclusions: The overall survival and the progression-free survival of patients were high, and patients treated with the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed a significantly better overall survival(AU)

Epidemiology and subtype distribution of lymphoid neoplasms from a single institution in Lebanon between 2010 and 2014

The 2008 WHO classification is the gold standard for classifying hematopoietic neoplasms. Our study reviewed 1256 cases between the years 2010 and 2014. It aimed to establish a descriptive status of lymphoma cases in Lebanon. Hodgkin lymphomas [HL] accounted for 21% of all cases whereas non-Hodgkin lymphomas [NHL] accounted for 79%. In NHL, mature B-cell neoplasms accounted for 85% and mature T-cell neoplasms accounted for 9%. For mature B-cell neoplasms, the majority of cases [48%] were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [DLBCL]. Within T-cell lymphomas, anaplastic lymphoma [ALCL 40%] was the most prevalent. The distribution within subtypes confirmed the findings of two previous Lebanese studies. Our figures of HL are higher than in Eastern and Western countries. This could probably be related to EBV infection among other etiologies. Our NHL figures are close to the Western world. Westernization of the way of life of the Lebanese society could explain this result

Análise da incidência dos linfomas no município de São Paulo, 1997 a 2012 / Analysis of the incidence of lymphomas in the city of São Paulo

Introdução: Os linfomas abrangem um grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias originadas no sistema linfático, diferentes quanto à sua histologia, prognóstico e epidemiologia, embora possa haver grande número de aspectos clínicos comuns. De acordo com sua morfologia, dividem-se dois grupos: os linfomas Hodgkin (LH) e os linfomas não-Hodgkin (LNH). Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência temporal da incidência de linfomas no período de 1997 a 2012, identificando a influência de fatores como o sexo, a idade, o período e a coorte e nascimento. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico. Foram obtidas, do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de São Paulo (RCBP-SP), informações sobre todos os casos novos de linfomas no Município de São Paulo, diagnosticados no período de 1997 a 2012. Informações sobre o número de habitantes do Município foram obtidas online através do site do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Para avaliar a tendência da incidência de linfomas no decorrer do período, segundo sexo e faixa etária, foram ajustados modelos lineares generalizados (MLG). Para avaliar a influência da idade, do período de diagnóstico e das coortes de nascimento na tendência da incidência dos linfomas, foi utilizado o modelo idade-período-coorte (IPC). Resultados e conclusões: Dos 18.037 casos analisados, 20,5% eram do tipo LH e 79,5% do tipo LNH. Entre os casos de LH, 52,6% eram homens e 70,0% tinham entre 20 e 39 anos. A taxa de incidência de LH padronizada por idade, por 100 mil habitantes, variou de 5,0 em 1997 para 4,0 em 2012, entretanto, não foi detectada nenhuma tendência significativa na incidência ao longo do tempo (p>0,05). O risco de desenvolver LH foi maior no sexo masculino do que no feminino apenas na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos (p0,05). O risco de desenvolver LH segundo a faixa etária apresentou um padrão etário bimodal. No sexo feminino, os maiores riscos ocorreram nas faixas de 20 a 39 e de 65 anos e mais e, no masculino, nas faixas de 15 a 19 e de 65 anos e mais. O modelo IPC apontou uma influência da coorte de nascimento na incidência de LH em mulheres: para aquelas nascidas antes de 1960, quanto mais antiga a coorte, maior o risco de LH; para as nascidas após 1960, o risco relativo permaneceu estável. Entre os casos de LNH, 51,6% eram homens e 77,4% tinham mais de 40 anos. A taxa de incidência de LNH padronizada por idade, por 100 mil habitantes, passou de 22,6 em 1997 para 17,0 em 2012. Foi detectada uma tendência de decréscimo na incidência de LNH de 1,7% ao ano em todas as faixas etárias, em ambos os sexos (p<0,001). O risco de desenvolver LNH aumentou continuamente com o avançar da idade, em ambos os sexos. O modelo IPC não detectou efeitos de período. Para os homens, as coortes mais velhas apresentam maior risco e, as mais jovens, menor risco. Para as mulheres nascidas antes de 1960 o comportamento foi semelhante ao dos homens, para as nascidas após 1960, o risco relativo permaneceu estável

Introduction: Lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasias originating in the lymphatic system, different in their histology, prognosis and epidemiology, although there may be a large number of common clinical aspects. According to their morphology, two groups are divided: Hodgkin\'s lymphomas (HL) and non-Hodgkin\'s lymphomas (NHL). Objective: To evaluate the temporal trend of the incidence of lymphomas in the period from 1997 to 2012, identifying the influence of factors such as sex, age, period and cohort and birth. Methodology: This is an ecological study. Information about all new cases of lymphomas in the city of São Paulo, diagnosed in the period from 1997 to 2012, were obtained from the São Paulo Population Based Cancer Registry. Information on the number of inhabitants of the Municipality were obtained online through the website of the SUS Department of Informatics. To evaluate the trend of lymphoma incidence during the period, according to sex and age group, generalized linear models (GLM) were adjusted. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the influence of age, diagnosis period and birth cohorts on the trend of lymphoma incidence. Results and conclusions: Of the 18,037 cases analyzed, 20.5% were HL type and 79.5% NHL type. Among the cases of HL, 52.6% were men and 70.0% were between 20 and 39 years old. The age-standardized incidence rate of HL per 100,000 population ranged from 5.0 in 1997 to 4.0 in 2012, however, no significant trend in incidence over time was detected (p> 0.05). The risk of developing HL was greater in males than in females only in the age group 0 to 14 years (p 0.05). The risk of developing HL according to the age group presented a bimodal age pattern. In females, the highest risks occurred in the 20-39 and 65-year-olds, and in the male, in the 15-19 and 65 years and older ranges. The APC model pointed to an influence of the birth cohort on the incidence of HL in women: for those born before 1960, the older the cohort, the higher the risk of HL; for those born after 1960, the relative risk remained stable. Among the cases of NHL, 51.6% were men and 77.4% were over 40 years old. The age-standardized incidence rate of NHL per 100,000 population increased from 22.6 in 1997 to 17.0 in 2012. A trend of a decrease in the incidence of NHL of 1.7% per year was observed in all ranges in both sexes (p <0.001). The risk of developing NHL increased steadily with advancing age in both sexes. The APC model did not detect period effects. For men, older cohorts are at higher risk, and younger cohorts are at lower risk. For women born before 1960 the behavior was similar to that of men, for those born after 1960, the relative risk remained stable

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de los linfomas en un período de cinco años en Villa Clara / Clinical and epidemiological characterization of lymphomas in a five year-period in Villa Clara

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los linfomas de Hodgkin y no Hodgkin son neoplasias malignas derivadas de los componentes celulares del sistema inmune, en particular, de los linfocitos y de sus precursores. Constituyen un grupo muy heterogéneo con amplias diferencias clinicobiológicas, pronósticas y terapéuticas. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar algunas variables clínico - epidemiológicas en los linfomas. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2010 que incluyó a todos los pacientes adultos atendidos en los hospitales Celestino Hernández Robau y Arnaldo Milián Castro, en Santa Clara, Villa Clara. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 388 pacientes, con un predominio de edades mayores de 40 años, del sexo masculino y color de la piel blanca. El linfoma no Hodgkin tuvo mayor frecuencia; los factores de riesgo que predominaron fueron pertenecer al sexo masculino y la presencia del virus de Epstein-Barr. En las tres cuartas partes de los pacientes, la localización principal fue ganglionar. De las variedades histológicas del linfoma de Hodgkin la más frecuente fue la esclerosis nodular, mientras que para los linfomas no Hodgkin, fue el folicular. El estadio con mayor número de pacientes fue el III-b para ambos tipos de linfomas. La tercera parte de los pacientes fallecieron; el mayor número correspondió a los linfomas no Hodgkin. CONCLUSIÓN: Los linfomas tienen una alta morbilidad y mortalidad en los adultos de la provincia de Villa Clara.

IINTRODUCTION: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are considered malignant neoplasms derived from cellular components of the immune system, in particular, of the lymphocytes and their precursors. They constitute a very heterogeneous group with broad clinical and biological, prognostic and therapeutic differences. OBJECTIVE: To characterize some clinical and epidemiological variables in lymphomas. METHODS: A descriptive and longitudinal study was carried out from January, 2006 to December, 2010, which included all adult patients who were attended at «Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau¼ and «Arnaldo Milián Castro¼ Hospitals, in Santa Clara, Villa Clara. RESULTS: A number of 388 patients were evaluated, with a predominance of white male, aged over 40. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent; male sex and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus were identified as predominant risk factors. The main localization of lymphomas was ganglionated in the three- quarter parts of patients. Nodular sclerosing was the most frequent histological variety of Hodgkin lymphomas, while for non-Hodgkin lymphomas it was follicular. The higher number of patients had III-b stage for both types of lymphomas. The third part of patients died; the higher number corresponded to non-Hodgkin lymphomas. CONCLUSION: Lymphomas has a high morbidity and mortality in adults from Villa Clara province.

Factores que participan en la interacción huésped-agente patógeno en el riesgo de Linfoma de Hodgkin inducido por el virus Epstein Barr / Factors involved in host-pathogen interaction for the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma induced by Epstein Barr virus

El linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) es una neoplasia del sistema linfático. La incidencia mundial anual del LH es de 3-10/100,000 habitantes. El mecanismo mediante el cual se lleva a cabo la transformación celular no es completamente claro; sin embargo, algunas evidencias parecen indicar que ciertos virus oncogénicos como el virus Epstein Barr (VEB), pueden tener alto impacto en la patogénesis de la linfoproliferación. También algunos factores genéticos y ambientales pueden estar involucrados, pues se ha encontrado una alta incidencia de casos de LH entre individuos de una misma familia que comparten características genéticas y conviven en un mismo ambiente. En México se han realizado estudios encaminados a conocer la prevalencia del VEB en pacientes con LH y se ha encontrado la presencia de este virus hasta en el 64,2%. El VEB ha sido detectado en las Células Reed Sternberg (CRS) y en Células de Hodgkin (CH) en el 50% de los casos de LH clásico. No se ha dado hasta ahora una explicación satisfactoria, pero se ha propuesto que la variabilidad geográfica y la variabilidad inmunológica desempeñan un papel determinante en la positividad del VEB en LH. A pesar de los avances que hasta ahora se tienen, no existen suficientes evidencias que permitan establecer una clara asociación entre los factores del huésped, el medio ambiente y el agente patógeno en el riesgo de la linfoproliferación que conduce al desarrollo de LH. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo analizar algunos de los factores de riesgo que influyen durante la interacción huésped, agente patógeno y medio ambiente en la etiología del LH.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a neoplasm characterized by malignant cells called Reed Sternberg and Hodgkin’s cells in the lymphatic system. Such cells comprise 1% of the tumor while the remainder is made up of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and plasma non-neoplastic cells. The annual global incidence of HL is 3-10/100,000 inhabitants and is most commonly found in young adults. The mechanism by which cell transformation is accomplished is not entirely clear; however, some evidences suggest that oncogenic viruses like the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) may have a high impact on the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferation. Genetic and environmental factors could be involved, since it has been found a high incidence of HL among members of the same family. In Mexico, there have been studies to determine the prevalence of EBV in patients with HL and found the presence of this virus in up to 64.2% of the cases. EBV has been detected in the Reed Sternberg cells and Hodgkin cells in 50% of cases of classical HL. There is not a satisfactory explanation for this, but it has been proposed that geographic and immunological variabilities play a role in the positivity of EBV in HL. However, despite recent advances in the field, there is insufficient evidence to show a clear association between host factors, environment and pathogens, and the risk of lymphoproliferation leading to the development of HL. This review aims to give an overview about the risk factors that influence the interaction of host, pathogens and environment in the etiology of HL.

Spectrum of malignancies among HIV-infected patients in South India.

Introduction: The current study examines the spectrum of malignancies among HIV-infected South Indians enrolled in a clinical care program. Materials and Methods: We conducted a nested matched case-control study among 42 HIV-infected cases who developed cancer and 82 HIV-infected controls between 1998 and 2008 at a tertiary care HIV care program in South India. Results: The most common types of cancer included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (38.1%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (16.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (14.3%), and adenocarcinoma (14.3%). The median duration of time from HIV infection to cancer diagnosis was 549 days [interquartile range (IQR): 58-2013]. The nadir CD4 cell count was significantly lower in cases compared to controls (134 cells/μl vs. 169 cells/μl; P = 0.015). Cancer patients were more likely to have a more advanced HIV disease stage at the time of cancer diagnosis compared to control patients (Stage C: 90.5% vs. 49.4%; P<0.0001). Significantly more cancer patients were receiving antiretroviral treatment relative to control patients at the time of cancer diagnosis (92.9% vs. 66.3%; P=0.001). Conclusions: HIV-infected patients who developed cancer had more advanced immunodeficiency at the time of cancer diagnosis and a lower nadir CD4 cell count. It is possible that with the continued roll-out of highly active antiretroviral therapy in India, the incidence of HIV-associated malignancies will decrease.

Epidemiología del linfoma con compromiso de cabeza y cuello en el Centro Asistencial Sótero del Río / Epidemiology of lymphoma of the head and neck in the Centro Asistencial Sótero del Río

Introducción: Los linfomas son la neoplasia hematológica más frecuente del adulto, ocupando el tercer lugar de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello (CyC). Se distinguen dos tipos, el linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) y el linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH), constituyendo dos entidades clínicas separadas. Objetivo: Evaluar las manifestaciones de los linfomas en la región de CyC, analizando las diferencias de presentación y comportamiento entre en LH y el LNH. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de todos los casos de linfomas de CyC en el Centro Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Roo (CASR) entre los años 2005 y 2009, documentando específicamente presentación clínica, factores de riesgo, el tipo de linfoma, diagnóstico histológico, localización anatómica, etapificación al momento del diagnóstico, tratamiento administrado, sobrevida. Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 casos de pacientes con linfoma de CyC en el estudio, 16 (20 por ciento) con LH y 64 (80 por ciento) con LNH. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos para la edad de diagnóstico, el compromiso extranodal, compromiso de mediastino, presencia de síntomas B y sobrevida. Conclusión: En el CASR la presentación de los linfomas es similar a la reportada mundialmente con diferencias similares entre LH y LNH.

Introduction: Lymphomas are the most common hematologic neoplasia in the adult and the third most common neoplasias of the head and neck (CyC). There are two types of lymphoma: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which constitute two unique clinical entities. Aim: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of lymphomas in the CyC region, analizing the diferences between the clinical presentation and behavior of LH and LNH. Material and method: This is an retrospective study of all the cases of lymphoma of CyC in the Centro Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río (CASR) between the years 2005 and 2009, describing specifically the clinical presentation, risk factors, type of lymphoma, histologic diagnosis, anatomical localization, etapification at diagnosis, treatment received and survival. Results: Eighty cases of lymphoma of the CyC were included, 16 patients (20 percent) with LH and 64 patients (80 percent) with LNH. We found statistically significant differences between both groups for their age at diagnosis, extranodal disease, mediastinal compromise, presence of "B" symptoms and survival. Conclusion: in the CASR the clinical presentation of lymphomas is similar to that reported in the international literature, maintaining the unique characteristics for LH and LNH.

Linfomas asociados a infección por Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana: Experiencia de un centro hospitalario de la V región, Chile / Lymphomas associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Retrospective review of medical records

Background: The incidence oflymphoma increases enormously inpatients infecten with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim: To describe the incidence, clinical and histológica! characteristics, treatments and survival of lymphomas associated with HTV infection. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records ofpatients with HIV and lymphoma, treated in a public hospital, between January 2001 and June 2009. Results: Twenty-two mole patients were included but 14 had immunohistochemical confirmation ofthe lymphoma. The accumulated incidence for thisperiod was 2.8 percent. The median age at lymphoma diagnosis was 39.5 years. Twelvepatients (86 percent) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHI) and two (14 percent) Hodgkin lymphoma. The main pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas was diffuse large B cell in seven cases (50 percent). The mean CD4 cell count and viral load were 83 cell/mm³ (33.5-113.5) and 26.000 RNA copies/ml (1210-196500), respectively Twelve patients (86 percent) had B type symptoms of lymphoma at the moment of diagnosis. Eleven patients (29 percent) received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, onepatient (7 percent) received radiotherapy alone and two patients (14 percent) received palliative symptomatic treatment. Six cases (43 percent) received highly active antiretroviral therapy simultaneously with chemotherapy. Global mortality in this series was 57 percent (8patients) with a median survival time of 5.8 months (2.6-26.2). Conclusions: In this series ofpatients infected with HIV, a predominance of aggressive histológica! subtypes of lymphomas and low complete remission rates, were observed.

Systematic review of lymphoma in oral cavity and maxillofacial region

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las característicasde presentación de pacientes con linfoma en la cavidad oral y la región maxilofacial para comparar estas presentaciones y permitir sintetizar los resultados provenientes de diversos estudios primarios. Fueron incluidos artículos de la base de datos PubMed desde el año 1990 hasta el año 2010. Se incluyeron como palabras claves en el título de los artículos: “Lymphoma”y “Oral”. Se identificaron 215 artículos de los que fueron excluidos 178 estudios quedando para este estudio 37 artículos. Los investigadores evaluaron estos artículos alcanzando un acuerdopara la inclusión de 15 artículos para este estudio. Se describe de los 15 estudios autor, año de publicación del estudio, número de casos, sexo, edad, localización, signos y síntomas, clasificación, diagnóstico, estadiaje y tratamiento. Un total de 714 pacientes se describen siendo en 11 de 13 estudiosel mayor número de casos en hombres que mujeres; la edad estuvo en un rango de 3 a 96 años. La localización de mayorpresentación fue la gingiva y el aumento de volumen fue el principal signo. Solo de 177 casos fueron descritos su estadiaje y solo de 110 casos su tratamiento. Se concluye que los linfomas de la cavidad oral y la región maxilofacial son de mayor presentacióndel tipo no Hodgkin, a nivel extranodal. La gingiva en la cavidad oral y el anillo de Waldeyer en la región maxilofacialson las localizaciones más comunes. Son entidades patológicas raras, pero la descripción de la historia natural deesta patología en su completa manifestación es importante parael conocimiento del desarrollo de esta enfermedad.

Recidiva de doença de Hodgkin em paciente HIV positivo / Relapse of Hodgkin´s disease HIV patient

A doença de Hodgkin em paciente HIV positivo é cinco a dez vezes mais comum e tem maior probabilidade de recidiva, se comparada à população com sorologia negativa. Os autores descrevem o caso de um paciente de 33 anos, HIV positivo, com derrame pleural volumoso, que teve de ser submetido à toracotomia com biópsia pleural para diagnóstico de recidiva de doença de Hodgkin. A recidiva ocorreu quatro anos após o início da doença, tendo se apresentado com um subtipo histológico diferente, por provável efeito da quimioterapia prévia.

Childhood lymphomas in Yemen. Clinicopathological study

To find out the frequency of childhood lymphomas in all ages, and to describe patterns of lymphomas in relation to gender and site in Yemen. This is a descriptive record-based study of 1167 cases of lymphomas diagnosed by 3 pathologists in the Department of Pathology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen from 1st January 2004 to 30th December 2007. The diagnoses were made on hematoxylin and eosin stained, and categorized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] according to the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation classification, and Hodgkin's disease [HD] according to Rye classification. Out of 1167 lymphomas, 801 [68.6%] were NHL, and 366 [31.4%] were HD, amongst these 347 [29.7%] were patients aged

comparison of histological appearances of Hodgkin's disease in Pakistani and Saudi patients

Hodgkin's disease [HD] is a relatively rare lymphoma that affects younger as well as older persons. It is reported in the Western as well as Asian studies that HD is a rare disease in developing world. It is commoner in males in most of the countries and shows a bimodal pattern of age. The commonest subtype is nodular sclerosis in the west and mixed cellularity in the eastern and developing countries. The present study compares eight years' data of HD as regard age, sex, site of anatomical presentation and subtypes according to WHO classification among Pakistani and Saudi patients. This retrospective comparative study included 211 cases of HD from various institutions of Lahore, Pakistan; and 78 cases retrieved from the data of King Abdul Aziz Hospital and Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The analysis of both data of HD showed lack of bimodal age pattern and was common among younger age. Male was the dominating sex. Cervical group of lymph nodes was the commonest presenting site. Mixed cellularity HD [MCHD] was the commonest subtype among Pakistani patients whereas Nodular Sclerotic HD [NSHD] was more common among Saudis. A comparison of the pattern of Pakistani and Saudi data of HD showed lack of bimodality in both. The male sex predominated. Morphologically the MCHD and NSHD were the commonest subtypes in Pakistani and Saudi patients respectively

Linfomas asociados a infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en un complejo hospitalario de la Región Metropolitana, Chile: 1990-2002. Reporte de 14 casos y revisión / Lymphomas and HIV infection in a reference hospital of Santiago, Chile: 1990-2002: Report of 14 cases and review

The association of HIV infection and lymphoma in patients attending at the South Health Metropolitan Reference Centre is presented. Objective: to analyse its incidence, clinical and pathologic manifestations, treatment and outcome. Period of study: January 1990 to December 2002. Results: 14 cases were detected, 10 non Hodgkin lymphoma patients (7 with high malignancy and 50 percent in stages III-IVB) and 4 with Hodgkin lymphoma (3 with mixed cellularity, 2 in stage IVB). The annual incidence was 0.68 percent. Ten patients were classified under stage C3 of AIDS CDC criteria, the mean CD4 count was 139 cells/mm³ and mean CV was 5,32 log. Eighty six percent of patients presented with unique or multiples lymphonodes, with predominance of advanced lymphoma stage. Conventional CHOP chemotherapy was the treatment for high risk and extended non Hodgkin lymphomas and for extended Hodgkin lymphomas the ABVD protocol was administered. Six patients received antiretroviral therapy, 4 simultaneously with chemotherapy. Global mortality in this series was 71 percent, attributable to tumor disease per se or to sepsis. Four patients survived (18 to 50 months) in complete remission, 2 non Hodgkin lymphomas and 2 Hodgkin lymphomas. The low incidence of lymphoma and AIDS association and the high frequency of lymphomas with localized or generalized lymphonodes in this series are remarkable.

Se revisó la asociación de linfoma e infección por VIH en un complejo hospitalario de la Región Metropolitana Sur de Santiago de Chile, su incidencia, características clínicas y patológicas, terapia y evolución en 14 casos. La incidencia acumulada (enero 1990 y diciembre 2002) fue de 0,68 por ciento. Diez pacientes tenían linfoma no Hodgkin (siete de alto grado de malignidad y 50 por ciento en estadios III-IVB) y cuatro Hodgkin (tres con celularidad mixta, dos en estadio IVB). Diez pacientes con linfoma estaban en etapa C3 de SIDA según criterios del CDC, con un promedio de CD4 de 139 células/mm³ y carga viral de 212.600 copias de ARN/ml. Ochenta y seis por ciento tenía afección ganglionar, localizada o generalizada. El tratamiento de los linfomas no Hodgkin de alto grado y extendidos fue con quimioterapia CHOP convencional, y en los linfomas de Hodgkin avanzados se aplicó el esquema ABVD. Seis pacientes recibieron tratamiento antiretroviral, cuatro simultáneamente con quimioterapia. La mortalidad global fue de 71 por ciento, por progresión tumoral y/o sepsis. Cuatro pacientes sobreviven (18 a 50 meses) en remisión completa, dos linfomas no Hodgkin y dos Hodgkin. Se discuten la baja incidencia de la asociación linfoma y SIDA y la mayor frecuencia de linfomas con adenopatías localizadas o generalizadas.

Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan: a clinico-epidemiological study of 658 cases at a cancer center in Lahore.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in Pakistan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied all histopathologically proven cases of HL, who presented between Dec 1995 to June 2003 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Hospital (SKMCH & RC). All the relevant information was obtained through the hospital based cancer registry and medical records of the selected patients. RESULTS: Six hundred and fifty eight histopathologically confirmed cases of HL were identified. There were 505 males and 153 females, with a male to female ratio of 3.3: 1. Patients ranged in age from 1 year - 84 years. The mean age at presentation was 23.8 years. Three hundred and twenty cases (48.6%) belonged to age group <or= 18 years and 338 cases (51.4%) were > 18 years of age. Histopathologically, mixed cellularity (MC) constituted 63.8% of cases, followed by nodular sclerosis (NS) 19.9%, lymphocyte predominant (LP) 7.3% and lymphocyte depleted (LD) 1.2%. Early stage (stage I and II) disease was present in 43.9% of patients at presentation, while 56.1% patients presented with advanced stage (stage III and IV). The majority of patients (81.2%) presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION: The clinico-epidemiological pattern of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan manifested is similar to that observed in other developing countries, with male predominance, mixed cellularity as the commonest histological type, advanced stage at presentation and absence of bimodal age distribution.

Analysis of the association between Epstein-Barr virus and classic Hodgkins lymphoma in adult patients from Ceará (Brazil) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with classical Hodgkins lymphoma (CHL) is geographically variable. In the present study the prevalence of EBV in CHL was assessed in adult patients from Ceará, Brazil. Thirty-seven cases were immunohistochemically evaluated for EBV using latent membrane protein (LMP1) antibody and for EBV latency-associated RNA (EBER1) using in situ hybridization (ISH). Sex and age did not differ among patients as to the frequency of CHL. Nodular sclerosis was the predominant histological subtype. LMP1 was found in Reed-Sternberg cells in 67.5 percent of the cases whereas ISH detected EBER1 in 75.6 percent. Regarding histological subtypes EBV infection rates were not found statistically different in nodular sclerosis (NS) and mixed cellularity (MC) subtypes (p = 0.66).

A freqüência do vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) em pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin Clássico (LHC) sofre variabilidade geográfica. No presente estudo investigamos a freqüência do EBV em pacientes com LHC no estado do Ceará. Trinta e sete casos de linfoma de Hodgkin clássico foram avaliados por imuno-histoquímica para EBV usando o anticorpo monoclonal contra a proteína latente da membrana (LMP1) e pelo método de hibridização in situ para RNA associado ao EBV (EBER1). Não há diferença por sexo e idade dos pacientes no que concerne à freqüência de LHC. O subtipo histológico esclerose nodular foi predominante. LMP1 esteve presente em células Reed-Sternberg em 67,5 por cento e pela hibridização in situ, através da sonda EBER, foi evidente em 75,6 por cento dos casos. Não observamos predominância significativa da associação de EBV com os subtipos histológicos esclerose nodular (EN) e celularidade mista (CM) (p = 0,66).

Epidemiology of childhood Hodgkins disease: is it different in developing countries?

Childhood Hodgkins Disease (HD) is a lymphoma that displays characteristic epidemiological, clinical and pathological features according to various geographic areas, particularly according to the socio-economic level of a given country. India presents a similar sex, age and subtype distribution as other emerging countries: high male-to-female ratio, younger age at presentation, high proportion of advanced stages and presence of constitutional symptoms, predominance of mixed cellularity type of HD. The etiology of HD is still the subject of controversy and investigation, but it may occur as a sequel of a viral infection during early childhood, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Most cases of Indian childhood HD are associated to EBV, while genetic predisposition is seen in very rare cases.